Dermatology

Overview

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes rapid skin cell buildup, resulting in thick, scaly patches known as plaques. These can be itchy, painful, and prone to cracking or bleeding. Plaques most commonly appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back, though they can develop anywhere on the body. While there is no cure, advanced biologic therapies may help reduce flare-ups and skin inflammation for many patients.

Symptoms

• Red, inflamed skin covered with thick, silvery-white scales (plaques)
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning, or soreness in affected areas
• Thickened or ridged nails
• Joint pain or stiffness indicating psoriatic arthritis
• In severe cases: widespread scaling, increased infection risk, anxiety, or depression

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if you have red, scaly patches unresponsive to over-the-counter treatments, severe itching or pain affecting daily life, cracked or bleeding skin, nail changes, or joint pain and swelling that may indicate psoriatic arthritis.

Causes

The exact cause is unknown, but plaque psoriasis results from an overactive immune system that triggers rapid skin cell growth and inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development and severity.

Risk Factors

• Family history of psoriasis
• Age: most common between 15 and 35
• High stress levels
• Bacterial or viral infections such as strep throat
• Smoking and alcohol consumption
• Obesity
• Certain medications including beta-blockers, lithium, and antimalarials

Complications

• Joint damage and deformities from psoriatic arthritis
• Cardiovascular disease
• Eye conditions including conjunctivitis and uveitis
• Metabolic syndrome
• Depression and anxiety

Treatment Considerations

Psoriasis medications that suppress immune function may increase infection risk. Infusion therapy allows for controlled delivery of advanced biologics, enabling physicians to monitor patient response and adjust treatment to help manage symptoms and support skin clearance.