Gastroenterology

Overview

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition. While there is no known cure, advanced infusion therapies can greatly reduce symptoms and bring about long-term remission, allowing many people with Crohn's to lead full, active lives.

Symptoms

• Persistent diarrhea
• Fever and fatigue
• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Blood in stool
• Mouth sores
• Reduced appetite and weight loss
• Pain or drainage near the anus (fistula)
• In severe cases: inflammation of skin, eyes, joints, or liver

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if you have persistent bowel changes, abdominal pain, blood in stool, ongoing diarrhea unresponsive to over-the-counter medications, unexplained fever lasting more than a day or two, or unexplained weight loss.

Causes

The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. Hereditary factors and a malfunctioning immune system likely play a role in its development. Environmental triggers may also contribute to onset or flare-ups.

Risk Factors

• Age: Most commonly diagnosed before age 30
• Higher risk in whites and Ashkenazi Jewish descent
• Family history of Crohn's disease
• Cigarette smoking
• Use of NSAIDs (can worsen bowel inflammation)
• Urban or industrialized living environment

Complications

• Bowel obstruction
• Ulcers and fistulas
• Anal fissures
• Malnutrition
• Increased risk of colon cancer
• Anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and liver disease

Treatment Considerations

Certain Crohn's medications that suppress immune function carry a small risk of lymphoma and skin cancers, and increase infection risk. Corticosteroids may cause osteoporosis, cataracts, and high blood pressure. Infusion therapy offers precise dosing and monitoring to balance efficacy and safety.